Hvilken effekt har service recovery på kundelojalitet?

I denne oppgaven har vi som formål å se nærmere på om Norwegian ved bruk av service recovery kan bygge tillit og lojalitet til selskapet, på tross av en tidligere negativ opplevelse hos kundene. For eksempel var Norwegian sine problemer rundt innføring av Dreamliner flyene en svært omtalt sak i en lengre periode etter innførsel av de første flyene i 2013. En slik periode med gjentatte problemer kan ene alene skape svikt i bedriftens rykte og kundenes tillit og lojalitet til selskapet. I en situasjon som denne kan service recovery være et virkemiddel for å snu de negative opplevelsene til en positiv følelse. Vi hadde et ønske om å nå så mange respondenter som mulig, og valgte på bakgrunn av dette kvantitativ metode da vi anså dette å være den mest hensiktsmessige metoden for oss. På bakgrunn av en klar og tydelig problemstilling har vi utformet en spørreundersøkelse basert på teori fra DeWitt, Nguyen og Marshall. Spørreundersøkelsen ble først pre-testet før den ble publisert, hvilket gav oss primærdata fra 113 respondenter til å analysere vår problemstilling. For å kunne besvare problemstilling utviklet vi to hypoteser. Våre hypoteser tok utgangspunkt i eksisterende teori, og vi ønsket å avdekke hvorvidt den oppfattede rettferdigheten og tilliten kunden hadde til bedriften i etterkant av en service recovery påvirket gjenkjøpsintensjonen. For å avdekke dette benyttet vi statistikkprogrammet SPSS, hvor vi analyserte de ulike dataene som ble innhentet i spørreundersøkelsen. Det ble gjort en validitetssjekk av undersøkelsen for å se om variablene var samvarierende. Reliabiliteten på spørsmålene ble også sjekket, dette ble gjort for å se om alle spørsmålene fungerte, samlet og hver for seg. Dette ga oss solide resultater, hvor kravet for intern konsistens ble møtt. Videre utførte vi en korrelasjon- og regresjonsanalyse for å teste hvorvidt vi kunne bekrefte, eller avkrefte hypotesene våre. Funnene vi kom fram til viser til at det sannsynligvis finnes en sammenheng mellom både tillit og opplevd rettferdighet etter en service recovery målt mot gjenkjøpsintensjon

The use of clonidine in elderly patients with delirium; pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic responses

Background The Oslo Study of Clonidine in Elderly Patients with Delirium (LUCID) is an RCT investigating the effect of clonidine in medical patients > 65 years with delirium. To assess the dosage regimen and safety measures of this study protocol, we measured the plasma concentrations and hemodynamic effects of clonidine in the first 20 patients. Methods Patients were randomised to clonidine (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). The treatment group was given a loading dose (75μg every 3rd hour up to a maximum of 4 doses) to reach steady state, and further 75μg twice daily until delirium free for 2 days, discharge or a maximum of 7 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured just before every dose. If the systolic BP was < 100 mmHg or HR < 50 beats per minute the next dose was omitted. Plasma concentrations of clonidine were measured 3 h after each drug intake on day 1, just before intake (day 2 and at steady state day 4–6) and 3 h after intake at steady state (Cmax). Our estimated pre-specified plasma concentration target range was 0.3–0.7μg/L. Results 3 h after the first dose of 75μg clonidine, plasma concentration levels rose to median 0.35 (range 0.24–0.40)μg/L. Median trough concentration (C0) at day 2 was 0.70 (0.47–0.96)μg/L. At steady state, median C0 was 0.47 (0.36–0.76)μg/L, rising to Cmax 0.74 (0.56–0.95)μg/L 3 h post dose. A significant haemodynamic change from baseline was only found at a few time-points during the loading doses within the clonidine group. There was however extensive individual BP and HR variation in both the clonidine and placebo groups, and when comparing the change scores (delta values) between the clonidine and the placebo groups, there were no significant differences. Conclusions The plasma concentration of clonidine was at the higher end of the estimated therapeutic range. Hemodynamic changes during clonidine treatment were as expected, with trends towards lower blood pressure and heart rate in patients treated with clonidine, but with dose adjustments based on SBP this protocol appears safe. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01956604, 09.25.2013. EudraCT Number: 2013–000815-26, 03.18.2013. Enrolment of first participant: 04.24.2014

Assessment of climate change and associated impact on selected sectors in Poland

The present paper offers a brief assessment of climate change and associated impact in Poland, based on selected results of the Polish–Norwegian CHASE-PL project. Impacts are examined in selected sectors, such as water resources, natural hazard risk reduction, environment, agriculture and health. Results of change detection in long time series of observed climate and climate impact variables in Poland are presented. Also, projections of climate variability and change are provided for time horizons of 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 for two emission scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in comparison with control period, 1971–2000. Based on climate projections, examination of future impacts on sectors is also carried out. Selected uncertainty issues relevant to observations, understanding and projections are tackled as well

Trends in extreme weather events in Europe: implications for national and European Union adaptation strategies

This report, based on a comprehensive collection of scientific data from the last 20 years, provides a rallying call for Europe’s policy makers to come together to devise common strategies to help mitigate the physical, human and economic costs of the rising number of extreme weather events in Europe, such as extreme heat and cold, extremes of precipitation, storms, winds and surges, and drought. Highlights refer to the nature of the evidence for climate-driven changes in extreme weather in the past, the potential impact of further climate change in altering the pattern of these extremes, and possible adaptation strategies for dealing with extreme weather impacts. It first provides information on extreme weather events and trends in recent decades as well as related impacts upon society. It is followed by an introduction to the scientific background on global warming and weather extremes, and the projections of future trends of meteorological extreme events that emerge from climate models under various scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, approaches to adaptation are introduced and recommendations provided. Readers wishing to obtain full source details for the figures, tables and references are recommended to consult the full report, which also includes more detailed analyses of the climatic conditions in various sub-regions of the EU

Marine bioaktive fiskepeptider for forebygging av overvekt og mikrobiotarelaterte sykdommer i mennesker og dyr

publishedVersio

Marine bioaktive fiskepeptider for forebygging av overvekt og mikrobiotarelaterte sykdommer i mennesker og dyr

publishedVersio

Advancing research for seamless Earth system prediction

Whether on an urban or planetary scale, covering time scales of a few minutes or a few decades, the societal need for more accurate weather, climate, water, and environmental information has led to a more seamless thinking across disciplines and communities. This challenge, at the intersection of scientific research and society’s need, is among the most important scientific and technological challenges of our time. The “Science Summit on Seamless Research for Weather, Climate, Water, and Environment” organized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 2017, has brought together researchers from a variety of institutions for a cross-disciplinary exchange of knowledge and ideas relating to seamless Earth system science. The outcomes of the Science Summit, and the interactions it sparked, highlight the benefit of a seamless Earth system science approach. Such an approach has the potential to break down artificial barriers that may exist due to different observing systems, models, time and space scales, and compartments of the Earth system. In this context, the main future challenges for research infrastructures have been identified. A value cycle approach has been proposed to guide innovation in seamless Earth system prediction. The engagement of researchers, users, and stakeholders will be crucial for the successful development of a seamless Earth system science that meets the needs of society

L1 Adaptive Control of the Inner Control Loops of an F-16 Aircraft

This report is written as a master s thesis given at NTNU, and in collaboration with Kongsberg Defence System. This text investigates the use of L1 adaptive control for multi-variable systems with unknown nonlinear unmatched uncertainties and unmodeled actuator dynamics, particularly for the inner longitudinal and lateral loops of a nonlinear F-16 aircraft model. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the report by introducing the basic principles of aircraft control and specifying the goals of the text. Chapter 2 introduces the theory of linear aircraft modelling, which specifies the starting point for the L1 adaptive control design. Chapter 3 presents the L1 adaptive control theory considered in this text, together with the main theoretical results. Chapter 4 presents the simulations results and the discussion, together with the specific L1 adaptive control design used in the simulations. Chapter 5 concludes this report and points toward possible future work.The L1 adaptive control theory has proven to give good results. This was also found in this report. The controller handles unmatched nonlinearities and disturbances very well and manages to track the reference signal. For the longitudinal controller, this has also been shown through simulations on a realistic nonlinear F-16 model. Compared to the MRACformulation we see that the introduction of the filter in the L1 adaptive control formulation gives great improvements with regards to performance. The results of this text shows how the L1 adaptive controller manages to separate adaptation from control and thus be able to introduce fast adaptation without introducing high gain feedback. This text also discusses how implementation issues like limited sampling rate affects the performance of the L1 adaptive controller, and shows how this can be handled by a proper redesign of the architecture. The results of the L1 adaptive controller for the longitudinal mode are compared to a simple PID-controller. We actually see that the PID-controller performs almost as good as the L1 adaptive controller for the simple longitudinal system